Oil filter



April 28, 1953 H. M. BICKLE 2,636,610

on. FILTER Filed July 2s, 194s 2 SHEETS- SHEET 2 I-Nveara R In accordance with my invention I provide an oil filter comprising a casing having a side wall and integral end walls having an opening therein, and a filter means housed within the casing and having a passageway therethrough in alignment with the openings in the end walls of the casing whereby to form a passageway extending through the filter. The filter means is spaced from the casing, and one end wall of the casing, hereinafter referred to as the lower end wall, has an opening therein communicating with the space between the casing and the filter means. The filter means is sealed to the casing to prevent direct communication between said space and the passageway through the filter.

The casing and the lter means form a unitary structure which, according to an important feature of my invention, is secured to a mounting base or support by means of a tubular member which extends through the passageway through the filter and which projects beyond-the lower end wall of thefilter casing, such projecting end of the tubular member being secured in a recess in the mounting base whereby the filter unit is firmly clamped between a clamping head on the tubular member .and the mounting base. The mounting base may be in the form of a proturberance integral with the engine block or may be a separate member secured to the dash or scuttle, dynamo, engine starter or any other convenient part of a car, and it has a surface on which the lower end wall of the filter seats .and oil passageways which communicate. with the said opening in the lower end wall of the casing and withj the passage in the tubular member. Conveniently the projecting end of the tube is externally-threaded and is screwed into the recess in the seating surface of the mounting base. Normally the oil to be filtered will ow into the filter through theopening in the lower end wall of the casing, and through the filter means, the filtrate passing into the tubular member. Theiiow of oil, however, may be reversed. v

According to a further feature of my invention, the mounting base has a second, valve-controlled, oil outlet passageway which communicates with the said recess, and a valve-controlled passageway connecting the oil inlet passageway with the second oil outlet passageway, and the filtrate passageway is controlled by a valve which, depending on the extent to which the projecting end of the tubular members extends into the recess, is held in the open or closed position so that, in the closed position of the valve, the flow of oil is that required for full-flow filtration and in the open position of the valve the oil flow is that required for 1.oy-pass filtration. Thus, by arranging that, where an oil lter unit` adapted for full-flow filtration is secured to the mounting base, the tubular member cannot project into the recess in the mounting base to such an extent that the valve in the nitrate passageway is opened, the fiow of oil for full-iiow filtration is automatically obtained when such a full-How filter unit is secured to the mounting base, and by arranging that, where a similar filter unit adapted for by-pass filtration is secured to the mounting base, the tubular member projects into the recess to such an extent that the said valve is opened, the flow of oil for by-pass filtration is automatically -obtained when such a by-pass lter-unit' is secured to the mounting base.

Referring now to Figure 1 of the drawings,'the

filter assembly therein shown comprises a filter unit designated generally by the reference numeral I6, a mounting base designated generally by the reference numeral 4i! and a tubular securing bolt EG.

The lter unit i consists of a cylindrical lter cartridge housed within a cylindrical lter casing. The filter cartridge comprises a sheet metai casing having a perforate side wall II and centrally-apertured imperforate end walls l2 and i3. A tube -iti extends through the apertures in end walls l2, I3 to project beyond such end walls to which the tube is soldered or otherwise secured. The part of the tube extending between end walls l2, i3 is perforate and the annular 'space between tube Iii and side wall li cf the casing is packed with cotton waste or other suitable filtering material, which is prefcrablyof an adsorbent nature and impregnated with a substance adapted to aid the filtering material in coagulating and retaining impurities dispersed in the oil to be ltered.

The filter casing comprises a side wall I5 and integral, lcentrally-apertured end walls I6, Il having kstrengthening,flutes I8. vThe filter casing may conveniently be formed by welding, soldering y, or otherwise securing two cuppedshaped. sheet metal members together, mouth to mouth. The end walls Iii, I'i ofthe casing are inwardly-cupped adjacent the openings in such end walls to form recesses to receive gaskets i9, 2b respectively, and the ends of the tube I4 of the filter cartridge 'arev solderedor otherwise secured to end walls I6, I1 adjacent such openings. AThe filter casing and the lter kcartridge form a filter unit that is a unitary structure and that has an axial passage 23 therethrough. The lower end wall ll of the filter casing has an opening 2l in registration with an opening 2 2 in gasket 2&3.

. The mounting basellb provides a seating surface di for thefilter unit lil and has a transverse oil passageway @2 communicating with the lower part of a threaded recess 43 in the surface lll, and an oil passageway 54 communicating with an annular groove l5 in the surface 4l, this groove registering with the opening 2| in the l-ower end wall il ofthe filter casing. The lower end wall of the mounting base has a boss 4g i Y The filter unit lll is removably secured to the mounting base ll by means of a tubular bolt 6D which extends through the axial passage 23 through thelter unit in spaced relationship to tube hl-and which projects beyond the lower end wail il of thelter casing, such projecting end being screwed into the recess t3 so that the lter unit is firmly clamped between 4the mounting Abase and the clamping headi of the bolt. the gasketsv i9, 26 preventing any leakage of oil from the ends of tube I4; The bolt may be provided with opposed wings 62 forming a convenient finger grip for,t urning4 the bolt. lThe bolt ES is preferably tubular throughout its length, thev bore of the boltv at its upper end being closed by a grubscrew 64.

The oil lter assembly above described may be readilyv secured tov any convenient support; For example; as shown in Fig-urel, the assembly may be secured to the .dynamo or engine starter motor 'ill of a car by meansof a channel-shaped mounting member livr-whose web v'l2 is ybolted to the bottom of the mounting-basejllilwith the boss i6 thereof receivedin anbpening .'13 in such web andi which has j outwardly-extending anges 14 .which engagea bearing platefl seated .on thev dynamo or motor lll, the lter assembly bef ing firmly clampedto theY dynamo or motor 'lil by means of a wire o r strap 'i6 embracing the dynamo or motor and secured to eye bolts Vl that. extend Vthrough aligned apertures in the bearing plate l and anges ld and thatare secured by nuts i8.

With thev nlter assembly secured to its support, part of ythe oil circulated by the oil circulation pump or" the car engine is passed by'pipe 111 connected to oil passageway dit, through annular groove d5, through. opening 2| in the. filter casing,..and into the space surrounding the 'lter cartridge, and. thence into the lter. cartridge. The filtrate iiows into tube llt, through. opening S3 in tubular boltbl; and downwardly through. the. bolt and through .passageway d2. to pipefd which conducts the nitrate to the engine sump. Any air trapped in the filter casing may be removed therefrom by temporarily removing grub screw lill.

When the filter cartridge is no longer effective to. clean the oil, they securing bolt 69 is unscrewed, and the filter unit is withdrawn from the bolt and thrown away, and replaced by a new filter unit. It will be noticed that, in order to dis mount the filter unit, it is. not necessary to lift the filter unit upwardly from the mounting base and that the securing bolt need onlybe given an upward movement suiiicient to disengage the bolt from the recess d3. This is of great advantage where the filter assembly is mounted beneath the bonnet or hood of the car engine or in any other place where there is only limited headroom. The unitary structure afforded by the filter casing, and the filter cartridge therein, in conjunction with my novel means of securing the filter unit to its support, enables the filter cartridge to be changed most expeditiously with little danger of oil coming into contact with the hands. Moreoven, any sludge that has collected in the bottom of the filter casing. is automatically andcleanly disposed' of when changing the filter cartridge. The ilter unit,.if desired, may include detergent, sludge-dispersing,. de-gumming and other agents so. thatwhen a iilter unit is changed, a fresh supply of such agents is automatically given to the lubricating oil system.

In Figure 2, the oil filter unit it is shown. secured to a mounting base 5|) integral with the engine block 5i, oil to be. filtered` passing from a passageway 52 in the mounting base or protuberance 5@ to the annular groove d5 whence it' passesto the filter cartridge through opening. 2| inthe lower end wall, il of the. lter casing, the filtrate passing through tubular bolt Bil into the recessd from which it flows directly to the engine sump. through a passageway 53111 the wall of the engine block.

In. Figures 3. and 4 ofthe drawings there is shown an oil filter unit it', which is the same as that shown in Figurev 1. except that the filter means is suitable for full-flow filtration, imposing. a lower resista-nce to the passage of oil than. the filter cartridgev of Figure. 1,4 and amounting baset for the filter unit, such mounting basev comprising valve-controlled passageways such that the new of oil is` that. required for full-flow :filtration but can bechanged when desired to.

that required for by-pass filtration. The mount ing baseil is shownbolted toa protuberance |0| on aniengine block. itt, a gasket |02 being interposed between the protuberance I-vland.` the. mounting base. 8.0-,

6 -V The. mounting base/provides a seatiugsuriace 8| for the filter unit and.-.this seating surface has an annular groove 85` that communicates with a vertical oil inlet passageway y82=in the mounting base, such passageway communicating with a passagewayl |03 in. the engine block and receiving theoil circulated bythe oil circulation pump. The tubular bolt B0A of. the filterunit is screwed into a vrecess 8 3 in the seating surface of. the mounting base 8B whereby they filter unit is. firmly secured to the mounting base,l anda radial oiloutlet passageway -84 in the mounting base communicates with recess 83'.V "Vhe outer end of passageway 8d. is closed. by a plug86 whilst the inner end ofthe passageway provides a seat for a ball valve 88 Vwhich isurgedby a spring A@l to its closed vposition in. whichnt'he ball valve pro.- jects somewhat. into recess $3.. vertical passageway ed in themounting base communicates withY passageway gli and with apassageway |04 inthe engine block that serves to conduct oil to the engine sumpt A second radial oil outletpassageway 89. in the mounting base communicates with recess 83y and intersects a transverse passageway et which is closed at. one end by plug 9| and which at its other end communicates with.

valve et that is urgedagainstits seat by" spring di, and` passageway .92 contains a housing for a ball valve 98 that is urged against its seat by spring QS.

. Thefheight of thefilter .nit'lil' is such that, with the filter clampedtightly toits. seat by bolt 6d, the end of the bolt does notv extend sufficiently into recess 83 to engagel valve 88 and lift it off its seat,y and the operation. of the. oil iilter assembly shown in Figures. 3 and 4' isas follows Oil from the oil circulation pumppasses through passageways |03 and 82V (see more particularly Figure 5),- into annular groove 85, and through opening 2| in the lower end wall". l'lV ofthe filter casing. and into the lter casing,v the bias pressure exerted by spring 99 being such. that valve 98 is normally held closed. Oil passesthrough the low resistance filter means and the filtrate passes into the. vtubular bolt'f6`l1`, into recess 33 and throughv passageways. 89,v 9U, 95 and |05 to .the bearings and other parts to, be lubricated, the pressure of the oil in.. recess 83 opening valve 9b" against the light resistance imposed by spring Si, but being normally' insufficient to overcome the relatively high pressure. exerted by spring 87 von. valve 88 whichremainsclosed. Should the filter means become choked? the. resistance to the passage cf oil therethrough will be such that valve 9S' will be opened and oil. will p-ass directly fromV passageway |03 topassageway |05. Should excessive pressure develop within the filter. unit,l valve 88 will be. opened to. allow oil.. to passdirectly from the fil-ter unitthroughpassagewaystd, and lili?. to the engine sump.

When it is desiredytochange from. fulleflow filtration to by-pass filtration the full-.dow lter unitv is removed, vthis@ beingreadily Veffected-m1 unscrewing bolt Gil `as previously explained. with reference to Figure 1,.r and. a; by-.passllter unit is secured to the mounting..base by-.pass filter unit -may- -beridentical` ;.wi'thfthe.f.u1lfiow iilter unit except that the lter means thereof gives a relatively high resistance to oil Iiow therethrough and the height of the lter unit is such that, when the llter unit is rmly clamped by the secural bolt 60 to the mounting base 80, the lower end of the bolt 60 projects into the recess 83 suiiciently to engage valve 88 and hold it oi its seat, as shown in Figure 6. With a bil-pass filter unit secured to mounting base 80, the flow of oil is as follows. As seen more clearly in Figure 7, oil passes from passageway |03 through passageway 82 and into the iilter casing, as in the case of full-flow ltration described with reference to Figures 3 to 5, but due to the high resistance to oil-flow given by the bypass lter means, the pressure developed in passageway |03 is sufcient to force ball valve 98 olf its seat, so that oil also passes from passageway |03 directly to passageway |05 and thence to the bearings and other parts to be lubricated. The oil passing into passageway |05 also ows into passageway 90 and holds ball valve 9B to its seat. Filtrate from the filter means flows into tube 60, into recess 83 and thence through passageways 84, 04 and |04 to the engine sump. Thus part of the oil in passageway |03 flows directly to the bearings to be lubricated, the remainder of the oil passing to the filter unit from which the filtrate ows to the engine sump. If desired, a suitable restrictor may be included at a suitable point in the by-pass system to prevent excessive flow of oil through the iilter unit.

I claim:

1. An oillter comprising a casing having a side wall and integral upper and lower end walls each having an opening therein, and a filter means housed within the casing and having a tube extending through the lter means and projecting beyond the ends thereof, said projecting ends of the tube'being imperforate and being secured directly to the end walls of the casing adjacent the openings therein and terminating at said end walls, said tube within the filter means being perforate, said filter means being spaced from the casing, and the lower end wall of the casing having an opening communicating with the space between the casing and the iilter means, whereby oil may now through said last named opening and through said filter means and thence into said tube.

2. An oil iilter comprising a casing having a cylindrical side wall and integral upper and lower end walls each having a central opening therein, and a cylindrical filter cartridge housed within the casing and spaced from the side wall thereof and having a tube extending axially through the cartridge and projecting beyond the ends thereof, said projecting ends of the tube being imperforate and being secured directly to the end walls of the casing adjacent the openings therein and terminating at said end walls, said tube being perforate only within the filter cartridge, and the lower end wall of the casing having a further opening communicating with the space between the side wall of the casing and the filter cartridge, whereby oil may ow through said last named opening and through said iilter means and thence into said tube.

3. In combination, an oil lter comprising a casing having a side wall and upper and lower end walls each having an opening therein, and a filter means housed within the casing and having a passageway through the iilter means in alignment with the openings in the end walls of the casing whereby to-forma-passageway extending through the lter, a mounting base for the lter, said mounting base having a, surface on which the lower end Wall of the casing seats and having a recess formed in the base and opening into such surface in alignment with the passageway through the lter, and a clamping member extending through the said passageway and removably securing the filter to its mounting base, said clamping member having a clamping surface at its upper end and at its lower end extending into and being secured in the recess in the seating surface of the mounting base, whereby the oil filter is clamped between the said seating surface and the said clamping surface of the clamping meinber, said casing having an opening therein communicating with the peripheral portion of said iilter means, whereby oil may flow through said iilter means between said last named opening and said rst named openings.

4. In combination, an oil lter comprising a casing having a side wall and upper and lower end walls each having an opening therein, and a lter means housed within the casing and having a passageway through the iilter means in alignment with the openings in the end walls of the casing whereby to form a passageway through the lter, said iilter means being spaced from the casing, means between said casing and said ilter means to prevent direct communication between the passageway through the filter and the space between the side wall of lthe casing and the lter means, and the lower end wall of said casing having a further opening therein communicating with said space, a mounting base for the filter, said mounting base having a surface on which the lower end wall of the casing seats, and having a recess formed in the base and opening into said seating surface in alignment with the passageway through the filter, and a passageway communieating with the said further opening in the lower end wall of the casing, and a tubular bolt extending through the passageway through the lter and screwed into the recess in the seating surface of the mounting base whereby the lter is removably clamped between such seating surface and the head of the bolt, said bolt being spaced from the filter means and having an opening in the wall thereof placing the passageway through the filter means in communication with the bore of the bolt.

5. The combination with an oil iilter comprising a casing having an upper end wall and a lower end wall with an opening therein, lter means housed within the casing, and a tubular member extending through the casing and through the iilter means and projecting beyond the end walls of the casing, the upper projecting end of the tubular member having a clamping surface, of a mounting base for said filter, said mounting base having a surface on which the lower end wall of the oil lter is seated, and having a recess formed in the base and opening into said surface, in which the lower projecting end of the tubular member is received, said base having therein an oil passageway communicating with the opening in the lower end wall of the casing and a second oil passageway communicating with said recess, said casing and lter means forming a unit that is removably secured in assembled relationship with said mounting base by said tubular member.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein the said mounting base has a third, valve controlled, passageway communicating with said recess, a fourth, valve-controlled, pas- 9 sageway connecting the first and third oil passageways, and valve means for controlling now of oil through said second oil passageway.

7. The combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein the said second oil passageway has a spring-pressed ball valve held open by the pro- `iecting lower end of said tubular member and the mounting base comprises a third, valve-controlled, oil passageway communicating with said recess, and a `fourth, valve-controlled passage- Way connecting the iirst and third oil passageways.

8. In combination, a mounting base and an oil filter mounted thereon, said mounting base having a surface providing a seat for the nlter, said base having an internally-threaded recess opening into said surace and an opening spaced from said recess, an oil passageway communicating with said opening, a second oil passageway communicating with said recess, a third, valve-controlled, oil passageway communicating with said recess, a fourth, valve-controlled, oil passageway connecting the first and third oil passageways, and valve means controlling flow of oil through the second oil passageway and comprising means extending into the recess and adapted to be engaged by a tube extending from the oil filter and screwed into the recess, whereby the valve is moved to open position by said tube.

9. In combination, a mounting base and an oil lter mounted thereon, said base having a surface providing a seat for the filter, said base having a recess formed in said base and opening into said surface, and having an opening spaced from said recess, an oil passageway communicating with said opening, a second oil passageway communicating with said recess, a spring-pressed ball valve controlling now of oil through said second oil passageway and projecting into said recess, a third oil passageway communicating with said recess, valve means controlling flow of oil through the third oil passageway, a fourth oil passageway connecting the rst and third oil passageways, and valve means controlling flow of oil through the fourth oil passageway.

10. In combination, an oil lter comprising a casing having a cylindrical side wall and integral upper and lower end walls having a central opening therein, and a cylindrical filter cartridge housed within the casing andspaced from the side wall thereof and having a tube extending axially vthrough the cartridge and projecting beyond the ends thereof, said projecting ends oi the tube being secured to the end walls of the casing adjacent the openings therein, said tube being perforate only within the filter cartridge, and the lower end wall of the casing having a further opening communicating with the space between the side wall of the casing and the filter cartridge, a mounting base for the filter, said mounting base having a surface on which the lower end wall of the casing seats, and having a recess formed in the base and opening into said surface in alignment with said tube, and an oil passageway communicating with said further opening in the lower end wall of the casing, and a tubular bolt extending through the said tube in spaced relationship thereto and screwed into said recess to clamp the lter between the head of the bolt and the mounting hase and to removably secure the filter to the mounting base, said tu bular bolt having an opening in the wall thereoi` placing the interior of the tube in communica tion with the bore of the bolt.

1l. The combination as claimed in claim i0, wherein the mounting base has a second oil passageway communicating with said recess, a ball valve in said second oil passageway, a spring urging the ball valve into a closed position in which the valve projects into said recess, a third, valve-controlled oil passageway communicating with said recess, and a fourth, TJawa-controlled passageway connecting the rst and third, oil

passageways.

li/iLMAN BICKLE.

References Cited in the rile oi' this patent UNITED STATES PAENTS Number Name Date 1,339,769 Leigh May 11, 1920 1,624,526 Bohrnsack Apr. 12, 1927 1,901,484 Winslow et al Mar. 14, 1933 1,913,401 Liddel June 13, 1933 2,031,935 'Cuno Feb. 25, 1936 2,059,358 Johnson et al. Nov. 3, 1936 2,076,935 Burclrhalter Apr. 13, 1937 2,108,793 Dalrymple Feb. 22, 1938 2,134,385 Winslow Oct. 25, 1936 2,253,686 Burclrhalter Aug. 26, 1941 2,314,640 Winslow et al Mar. 23, 1943 2,480,108 Barker Aug. 30, 1949 2,487,146 Lasky Nov. 8, 1949 2,533,266 Kovacs et al. Dec. 12, 1950 

